12 Schedules of Indian Constitution Trick: The Short Answer
The easiest 12 schedules of Indian Constitution trick is the mnemonic "TEARS OF OLD PM": each of its 12 letters stands for one schedule in order, from Territory (1st) to Municipalities (12th). The original Constitution of 1950 had only 8 schedules; the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th were added by the 1st (1951), 52nd (1985), 73rd (1992) and 74th (1992) Amendments. Remember the amendment chain 1 → 52 → 73 → 74 and you can answer almost every schedule question in SSC CGL, CHSL, MTS and state exams.
🔥 Key Exam Takeaway: Territory · Emoluments · Affirmations (oaths) · Rajya Sabha seats · Scheduled Areas · Other tribal areas (North-East) · Federal lists · Official languages · Land reforms (validation of laws) · Defection · Panchayats · Municipalities. Added later: 9th (1st Amendment), 10th (52nd), 11th (73rd), 12th (74th).
Every fact in this note was checked against the official text of the Constitution of India published by the Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice (legislative.gov.in, edition "as on 1st May, 2026"), including the footnotes that record which amendment added each schedule.
What Is a Schedule in the Indian Constitution?
A schedule is a list or table attached at the end of the Constitution. The Articles lay down the rule; the schedule holds the details that would make an Article too long, such as the names of all States, the salaries of high officials, the forms of oaths, or the 22 languages. Each schedule is linked to one or more Articles, and SSC often asks "Which Article is linked with the Xth Schedule?"
- The Constitution in force on 26 January 1950 had 8 schedules.
- Today it has 12 schedules. No schedule has been added since 1992.
- A schedule is changed by amending the Constitution (for most schedules) or, for some like the First and Fourth, by a law made under Articles 2–4.
TEARS OF OLD PM: Trick to Remember 12 Schedules of Indian Constitution
Write the 12 letters one under the other and attach one keyword to each. This is the trick most toppers use because the order of letters is the order of schedules.
| Letter | Schedule | Keyword | What to recall |
|---|---|---|---|
| T | 1st | Territory | Names of States and Union Territories |
| E | 2nd | Emoluments | Salaries and allowances of President, Governors, Speaker, Judges, CAG |
| A | 3rd | Affirmations | Forms of oaths and affirmations |
| R | 4th | Rajya Sabha | Seats of each State/UT in the Rajya Sabha |
| S | 5th | Scheduled Areas | Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes (outside the four NE states) |
| O | 6th | Other tribal areas | Tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram |
| F | 7th | Federal lists | Union, State and Concurrent Lists |
| O | 8th | Official languages | 22 languages |
| L | 9th | Land reforms | Validation of certain Acts (Article 31B) |
| D | 10th | Defection | Anti-defection law |
| P | 11th | Panchayats | 29 subjects of Panchayats |
| M | 12th | Municipalities | 18 subjects of Municipalities |
Extra memory hooks for 1 to 12 schedules
- 5 vs 6: The 5th Schedule is for Scheduled Areas in the rest of India; the 6th Schedule covers exactly four North-Eastern states: Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram (read it as "AMTM", an ATM with an extra M).
- 11 vs 12: Villages come before towns. 11th = Panchayats (rural, 29 subjects); 12th = Municipalities (urban, 18 subjects). "Village is bigger in number": 29 > 18.
- Amendments for 9th to 12th: "1 – 52 – 73 – 74". The last two are a pair because the Panchayat and Municipality amendments were passed together in 1992.
List of 12 Schedules of Indian Constitution with Articles (Table)
This is the master table. The Article numbers below are taken from the heading printed under each schedule in the official text.
| Schedule | Subject (official heading in short) | Related Articles |
|---|---|---|
| First | The States and the Union territories | 1 and 4 |
| Second | Provisions as to President, Governors, Speakers/Chairmen, Judges of SC and HC, and CAG (emoluments, allowances, privileges) | 59(3), 65(3), 75(6), 97, 125, 148(3), 158(3), 164(5), 186, 221 |
| Third | Forms of oaths or affirmations | 75(4), 99, 124(6), 148(2), 164(3), 188, 219 |
| Fourth | Allocation of seats in the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) | 4(1) and 80(2) |
| Fifth | Administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes | 244(1) |
| Sixth | Administration of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram | 244(2) and 275(1) |
| Seventh | Union List, State List, Concurrent List | 246 |
| Eighth | Languages | 344(1) and 351 |
| Ninth | Validation of certain Acts and Regulations | 31B |
| Tenth | Disqualification on ground of defection | 102(2) and 191(2) |
| Eleventh | Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats | 243G |
| Twelfth | Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities | 243W |
12 Schedules of Indian Constitution Explained One by One
First Schedule: States and Union Territories
Lists the 28 States and 8 Union Territories with their territories. Every new State (for example Telangana in 2014) or UT change (Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh in 2019; Dadra and Nagar Haveli merged with Daman and Diu in 2020) is reflected here. The Constitution (100th Amendment) Act, 2015 changed it for the India–Bangladesh land boundary agreement.
Second Schedule: Emoluments and Allowances
Has parts on the salaries, allowances and privileges of:
- Part A: President and Governors
- Part B: omitted (it dealt with Rajpramukhs of old Part B states)
- Part C: Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha, Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha, Speaker/Deputy Speaker of State Assemblies, Chairman/Deputy Chairman of Legislative Councils
- Part D: Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts
- Part E: Comptroller and Auditor-General (CAG)
Exam trap: The Vice-President is not listed separately; the Vice-President is paid as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
Third Schedule: Forms of Oaths or Affirmations
Contains oath forms for Union Ministers, candidates for Parliament, Members of Parliament, Supreme Court Judges and the CAG, State Ministers, candidates for and members of State Legislatures, and High Court Judges.
Exam trap: The oaths of the President (Article 60), Vice-President (Article 69) and Governor (Article 159) are written in those Articles, not in the Third Schedule.
Fourth Schedule: Allocation of Rajya Sabha Seats
Gives the number of Rajya Sabha seats for each State and UT, roughly based on population. Uttar Pradesh has the most (31). Article 80 caps Rajya Sabha at 250 members (238 elected + 12 nominated by the President).
Fifth Schedule: Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes
Deals with the administration of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in any State other than Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. It provides for a Tribes Advisory Council in states with Scheduled Areas, and the Governor reports to the President on their administration.
Sixth Schedule: Tribal Areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram
Creates Autonomous District Councils with law-making, judicial and financial powers in the tribal areas of the four North-Eastern states (10 councils in all: 3 in Assam, 3 in Meghalaya, 1 in Tripura, 3 in Mizoram). Linked with Articles 244(2) and 275(1).
Seventh Schedule: Union, State and Concurrent Lists
Divides law-making subjects between the Centre and the States under Article 246.
| List | Original entries (1950) | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| List I – Union List | 97 | Defence, foreign affairs, banking, railways, atomic energy |
| List II – State List | 66 | Police, public order, public health, agriculture |
| List III – Concurrent List | 47 | Criminal law, marriage and divorce, education, forests |
The 42nd Amendment (1976) moved five subjects from the State List to the Concurrent List: education, forests, weights and measures, protection of wild animals and birds, and administration of justice (constitution and organisation of courts other than the Supreme Court and High Courts). Residuary subjects belong to Parliament (Article 248). Present-day entry counts differ between textbooks (for example 98/59/52 or 100/61/52) because entries have been inserted and omitted over time, so exams usually test the original 97/66/47 figures.
Eighth Schedule: 22 Languages
Lists 22 languages. The original Constitution had 14. Additions:
| Amendment | Year | Languages added |
|---|---|---|
| 21st | 1967 | Sindhi |
| 71st | 1992 | Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali |
| 92nd | 2003 | Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali |
The 96th Amendment (2011) changed "Oriya" to "Odia". English is not in the Eighth Schedule, a favourite trap.
Ninth Schedule: Validation of Certain Acts (Article 31B)
Added by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951 together with Article 31B, to protect land reform laws from being struck down for violating Fundamental Rights. Its entries now run up to 284 (some have been omitted). In I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007), the Supreme Court held that laws put in the Ninth Schedule after 24 April 1973 (the date of the Kesavananda Bharati judgment) can be reviewed if they violate the basic structure.
Tenth Schedule: Anti-Defection Law
Added by the 52nd Amendment Act, 1985 (in force from 1 March 1985), linked with Articles 102(2) and 191(2). It disqualifies legislators who defect. The 91st Amendment (2003) removed the exception for a "split" by one-third of a party; only a merger backed by two-thirds of the legislature party is now protected. The Supreme Court upheld the schedule in Kihoto Hollohan (1992).
Eleventh Schedule: Panchayats (29 Subjects)
Added by the 73rd Amendment Act, 1992 (in force from 24 April 1993, now celebrated as National Panchayati Raj Day), linked with Article 243G. It lists 29 subjects, starting with agriculture and ending with maintenance of community assets.
Twelfth Schedule: Municipalities (18 Subjects)
Added by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992 (in force from 1 June 1993), linked with Article 243W. It lists 18 subjects, starting with urban planning including town planning and ending with regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries.
Which Amendment Added the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th Schedules?
This is the most asked question on schedules, and Google's own suggestions ("9th schedule added by which amendment") show how often students search it.
| Schedule | Added by | Year | Linked Article | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9th | 1st Amendment | 1951 | 31B | Protect land reform laws |
| 10th | 52nd Amendment | 1985 | 102(2), 191(2) | Anti-defection |
| 11th | 73rd Amendment | 1992 | 243G | Panchayati Raj |
| 12th | 74th Amendment | 1992 | 243W | Urban local bodies |
🔥 Key Exam Takeaway: The original Constitution had 8 schedules. Read the chain 1 → 52 → 73 → 74 to recall the amendments that brought the total to 12.
Common Mistakes in Schedules of Indian Constitution Questions
| Trap | Correct fact |
|---|---|
| "Oath of the President is in the Third Schedule" | No. It is in Article 60 (Vice-President: Article 69, Governor: Article 159). |
| "English is one of the 22 scheduled languages" | No. English is not in the Eighth Schedule. |
| "Fifth Schedule covers Assam's tribal areas" | No. Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram are under the Sixth Schedule. |
| "11th Schedule has 18 subjects" | No. 11th (Panchayats) = 29; 12th (Municipalities) = 18. |
| "The 9th Schedule was added by the 42nd Amendment" | No. It came with the 1st Amendment, 1951. |
| "Anti-defection is the 9th Schedule" | No. It is the 10th (52nd Amendment, 1985). |
| "The Constitution originally had 12 schedules" | No. It had 8 schedules in 1950. |
Quick Revision Table: Schedules of Indian Constitution in One Line Each
| No. | One-line memory | Number to remember |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | States & UTs | 28 States, 8 UTs |
| 2 | Salaries of top officials | Parts A to E (B omitted) |
| 3 | Oath forms | Not President/VP/Governor |
| 4 | Rajya Sabha seats | UP highest (31) |
| 5 | Scheduled Areas | Tribes Advisory Council |
| 6 | NE tribal areas | Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram |
| 7 | Three lists | 97 / 66 / 47 originally |
| 8 | Languages | 22 (originally 14) |
| 9 | Validation of laws | 1st Amendment, 1951 |
| 10 | Anti-defection | 52nd Amendment, 1985 |
| 11 | Panchayats | 29 subjects, 73rd Amendment |
| 12 | Municipalities | 18 subjects, 74th Amendment |
12 Schedules of Indian Constitution Questions with Answers (PYQ-Style Practice)
These questions follow the style used in SSC CGL, CHSL and MTS General Awareness. Try them before reading the answers.
Q1. Which Schedule of the Indian Constitution contains provisions regarding anti-defection? (a) 8th (b) 9th (c) 10th (d) 11th
Answer: (c) 10th. It was added by the 52nd Amendment Act, 1985, and is linked with Articles 102(2) and 191(2).
Q2. The Ninth Schedule was added to the Constitution by which Amendment? (a) 1st (b) 7th (c) 42nd (d) 44th
Answer: (a) 1st Amendment, 1951. It was added together with Article 31B to protect land reform laws.
Q3. How many subjects are listed in the Eleventh Schedule? (a) 18 (b) 22 (c) 29 (d) 47
Answer: (c) 29. The Eleventh Schedule (Panchayats, Article 243G) has 29 subjects. The Twelfth has 18.
Q4. Allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha is given in which Schedule? (a) 2nd (b) 3rd (c) 4th (d) 5th
Answer: (c) 4th. It is linked with Articles 4(1) and 80(2). Trick letter: R for Rajya Sabha.
Q5. The Sixth Schedule does NOT apply to which of these states? (a) Assam (b) Meghalaya (c) Manipur (d) Mizoram
Answer: (c) Manipur. The Sixth Schedule covers only Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
Q6. Which Amendment added Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali to the Eighth Schedule? (a) 71st (b) 92nd (c) 96th (d) 21st
Answer: (b) 92nd Amendment, 2003. The 71st added Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali; the 21st added Sindhi; the 96th renamed Oriya as Odia.
Q7. The forms of oaths or affirmations are given in which Schedule? (a) 1st (b) 2nd (c) 3rd (d) 4th
Answer: (c) 3rd. Trick letter: A for Affirmations. The President's oath is in Article 60, not here.
Q8. The Union, State and Concurrent Lists are in which Schedule, linked with which Article? (a) 7th, Article 246 (b) 7th, Article 248 (c) 6th, Article 244 (d) 8th, Article 351
Answer: (a) 7th, Article 246. Article 248 deals with residuary powers.
Q9. How many schedules did the original Constitution of India have in 1950? (a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 12
Answer: (a) 8. The 9th to 12th were added in 1951, 1985 and 1992.
Q10. The Twelfth Schedule, which lists the powers of Municipalities, was added by the: (a) 73rd Amendment (b) 74th Amendment (c) 52nd Amendment (d) 86th Amendment
Answer: (b) 74th Amendment, 1992, linked with Article 243W. The 73rd added the Eleventh Schedule (Panchayats).
12 Schedules of Indian Constitution FAQs
What is the trick to remember 12 schedules of Indian Constitution?
Use TEARS OF OLD PM: Territory, Emoluments, Affirmations, Rajya Sabha, Scheduled Areas, Other tribal areas, Federal lists, Official languages, Land reforms, Defection, Panchayats, Municipalities. Each letter is one schedule, in order.
How many schedules are there in the Indian Constitution?
There are 12 schedules today. The original Constitution of 1950 had 8.
Which schedule was added by which amendment?
9th by the 1st Amendment (1951), 10th by the 52nd (1985), 11th by the 73rd (1992) and 12th by the 74th (1992).
What is the 11th and 12th schedule of Indian Constitution?
The 11th Schedule lists 29 subjects for Panchayats (Article 243G); the 12th lists 18 subjects for Municipalities (Article 243W). Both were added in 1992.
Why was the 9th Schedule added?
To protect land reform and other laws placed in it from being challenged for violating Fundamental Rights (Article 31B). Since the I.R. Coelho judgment (2007), laws added after 24 April 1973 can still be reviewed against the basic structure.
Is English included in the Eighth Schedule?
No. The Eighth Schedule has 22 Indian languages and English is not one of them.
Is there a 12 schedules of Indian Constitution PDF?
This page works as a free printable sheet: use your browser's Print option and choose "Save as PDF" to keep it for offline revision.
Related topics: revise fundamental rights articles 12 to 35, important days list 2026, Indian rivers origin and end list, UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India 2026, president of India list 1950 to 2026 and important constitutional amendments list next.
Practice Next
- New SSC CGL practice: SSC CGL Polity Mock Test 01.
- Test yourself: SSC CGL General Awareness Sectional Mock Test 01, Sectional Mock Test 02 and Sectional Mock Test 03.
- Exam dates and eligibility: SSC CGL 2026 and SSC CHSL 2026.
- English for the same exams: Idioms Asked in SSC CGL, One Word Substitution for SSC CGL and Phrasal Verbs for SSC CGL.
- Bank exam English: Word Swap Questions for Bank Exams.
- More study material: all BookOfExams notes.
🚀 Final Exam Tip: Before the exam, write "TEARS OF OLD PM" and "1 – 52 – 73 – 74" on your rough sheet in the first minute. Most schedule questions are then a 5-second lookup.
Best of luck with your preparation!